初步研究結果發現 DBT STEPS-A 計劃可以減少高中生的情緒症狀和內化問題(例如憂鬱、焦慮)(Flynn D, et al. 2018)、學生在社交彈性和情緒失調方面都顯著改善(Martinez RR, et al., 2022)、促進同儕關係與親社會行為(Gasol X, et al., 2022);直接參與教授 DBT 的老師們對這些技巧的接受度高、認為是適當、合用的(Chugani CD, et al. 2022)。將校園 DBT 技巧應用在選擇性策略的研究較少,Zapolski等人針對高風險個案進行九次40分鐘的小團體技巧訓練,初步研究數據支持它在學校的使用,包括用在特定的危險行為問題、情緒障礙、或衝動都有正面的療效(Zapolski TCB et al, 2017)。因此,DBT STEPS-A 手冊的作者建議可以針對所有學生使用 DBT STEPS-A 的重要技巧章節,在課堂的課程中提供全面性的一級防治介入,接著針對需要額外支持的高風險學生,以小團體的形式提供社會支持與情感需求的二級的選擇性防治(Zapolski, et al., 2022)。
我們期待台灣校園不只重視學業知能的發展,未來能有機會引進上述有實證基礎的辯證行為治療的各種技巧,融入通用課程的社會情感學習(social emotional learning, SEL)課程中,讓成長中的學生們從青少年到成人早期,皆及早能習得這些重要生活技能,以建立值得活的人生目標。
參考文獻:
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Gasol, X., et al., Preventing Emotional Dysregulation: Acceptability and Preliminary Effectiveness of a DBT Skills Training Program for Adolescents in the Spanish School System. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022. 19(1).
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